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terça-feira, 2 de março de 2010

O que são EDULCORANTES? (Pergunta enviada)



"Prezado Gustavo, gostaria de saber o que são EDULCORANTES, é algum tipo de corante? Eles fazem mal para a saúde? Já observei que em muitos rótulos de alimentos vem escrito: Contém Edulcorantes. Por favor tire minha dúvida. Obrigada!"


Isabel Cristina, Pará de Minas
Enviada em 02/03/2010 às 21:34 hs, para o email dicasdonutricionista@gmail.com


Os EDULCORANTES não são corantes, esta confusão se dá principalmente pelos nomes seram parecidos e porque ambos são aditivos acrescentados a alimentos. Os edulcorantes são comumente conhecidos como ADOÇANTES, e são indicados para quem não pode ingerir açúcar e/ou para portadores de doenças como diabetes e obesidade que necessitam de uma restrição calórica.

A legislação brasileira divide os adoçantes em naturais, sendo a mais conhecida a estévia, além da frutose e do sorbitol; e os artificiais, como aspartame, ciclamato e sacarina. O que difere as duas modalidades é a origem deste adoçante e também seu poder de doçura em relação ao açúcar. Os edulcorantes apresentam um poder adoçante maior.

Os adoçantes chamados naturais são originados de plantas ou moléculas de compostos naturais, como na lactose do leite, o lactitol; e a própria estévia, da planta Stevia rebaudiana, único edulcorante natural produzido em larga escala, cultivado nos países orientais, como China e Japão, e na fronteira do Paraguai. Já os artificiais são feitos a partir de moléculas sintéticas.

A estévia adoça 300 vezes mais que o açúcar. Já bastante consumido em países como o Japão, no Brasil chegou mais recentemente. Possui sabor residual amargo, mas tem o benefício de ser um adoçante natural.

Já o aspartame adoça 200 vezes mais que o açúcar, mas não tem o sabor amargo. Não é muito estável para uso culinário. A medida estabelecida pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) para o seu consumo é de 40mg por quilo de peso diariamente.

Nenhum dos edulcorantes permitidos no Brasil demonstrou até o momento efeito tóxico ao organismo. Em testes realizados com animais com doses muito elevadas observou-se alterações fisiológicas, mas que não são aplicadas aos humanos, uma vez os metabolismos são diferentes.

O limite estabelecido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e Anvisa para a ingestão diária aceitável é calculado pelo peso do individuo e, dentro destes limites, não se observa risco de efeito deletério. Mas é importante salientar que, em quantidades excessivas, de cerca de dez vezes os limites, os edulcorantes podem causar de diarreia até efeitos neurológicos.

As contra-indicações são para grávidas e mulheres que estão amamentando, para evitar que o bebê sofra algum tipo de alergia devido aos compostos sintéticos. Também não é recomendado em crianças, exceto para as que possuem diabetes ou obesidade, sempre devidamente orientadas por nutricionista ou médico.

O ciclamato e a sacarina são contra-indicados em casos específicos, como os hipertensos, devido à grande quantidade de sódio contido em sua formulação.

É importante que a população fique bem atenta ao consumo de edulcorantes, que devem ser usados em casos indicados, na quantidade permitida por lei, para que não prejudiquem sua saúde.


Bibliografia(s)

Inmetro. Edulcorantes e suas características. Disponível em: http://www.inmetro.gov.br/consumidor/produtos/adocantes.pdf.

Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Notícias da Anvisa. Disponível em: http://www.anvisa.gov.br/DIVULGA/NOTICIAS/2008/190308.htm.

Equivalência de dulçor e poder edulcorante de edulcorantes em função da temperatura de consumo em bebidas preparadas com chá-mate em pó solúvel. Disponível em http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cta/v24n3/21941.pdf.

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